Friday, 26 August 2016

The Playful Linguistics of Snoop Dogg’s 'Doggystyle'

orangetrain



Snoop Dogg as a rapper has the indelible combination of effortlessness and pure enjoyment when he rhymes that only a few people throughout the history of the medium have been able to capture a similar essence. Ol’ Dirty Bastard, Lil Wayne and Q-Tip are a few examples of artists with a similar talent; rhymes spill out of their mouths with the same ease as breathing, and they are able to ride and control beats without so much as a second thought to changing cadence and flow. Language becomes a figure to be manipulated and played with for these rappers, not only in the combination of words to create metaphors, punch-lines and clever rhyme schemes, but also to delight in the expression of language itself. On Doggystyle, linguistics and the act of expressing language becomes a plaything for Snoop; switching up flows song-to-song and line-to-line, weaving dense narratives into songs, breaking down the structure of words to create new rhyme schemes, and engaging with narrative techniques to tell stories of life from Long Beach California. Whilst the spectacular and at the time career-best production from Dr Dre is without doubt an essential reason for the replay-ability, longevity and quality of this album, it’s Snoop Dogg’s ability as an MC to bring so much style, swagger and playfulness through his rapping that lead me returning to this album time and time again. In this piece I’ll be taking excerpts from most songs on the album[1] and considering them in light of this playful linguistics moniker; namely how they work and why they’re still so enjoyable to listen to today.

Gin and Juice

With so much drama in the L-B-C
It's kind of hard bein' Snoop D-O-double-G
But I, somehow, some way
Keep comin' up with funky-ass shit, like, every single day

At this point in the album we’ve had the opening skit and song, which is largely performed by Lady of Rage, with barely a verse from the lead MC. It’s not surprising then that Snoop opens up this legendary anthem with his classic technique of spelling his name and hometown. If there’s one technique that recurs the most throughout the album it’s this one, the phonetic, almost child-like spelling of his rap moniker. Yet, it never becomes silly or laughable, instead each time is a reminder of Snoop’s rhyming brilliance, as he’s able to throw in a lyric that should be awkward and off-putting, and make it a natural progression of his work. In fact, after a while when Snoop doesn’t drop some variation on the spelling technique it feels like there’s something missing, as if we’re not getting the authentic Snoop Dogg. Both Lady of Rage and Daz, somewhat unsuccessfully, take on this technique at points in the album, and as we’ll come to see, when trying to imitate or stand up to Snoop on Doggystyle in terms of rapping ability nobody really comes close.

80 degrees, when I tell that bitch please
Raise up off these N-U-T's, ‘cause you gets none of these
At ease, as I mob with the Dogg Pound
Feel the breeze beyotch, I'm just…

Here is an example of the exceptional multi-syllabic rhyme schemes Snoop uses throughout the album, packing in eight internal rhymes within four bars. Perhaps most impressive is the ‘N-U-T’s’ spelling rhyme casually slipped in, continuing on the internal rhyme scheme and adding an extra layer of laidback cool to Snoop’s arrogant and misogynistic sexual refusal.

Tha Shiznit

Cause Snoop Dogg is Trump tight like a virgin, the surgeon
Is Dr. Drizzay, so lizzay, and plizzay
With D-O-double-Gizzay the fly human being seein'
No I'm not European bein all I can
When I put the motherfuckin mic in my hand, and
You don't understand when I'm kickin
Cuz Snoop is on the mic and I gets wicked, follow me
Listen to me, cuz I do you like you wanna be done
Snoop Doggy Dogg on this three two one, umm
Dum, diddy-dum here I come
With the gat, and the guitar will strum, I'm
Not that lunatic nigga who you thought I was
When I caught you slippin, I'm gon catch you then I peel your cap
Snapped back, relax
Ya better not be slippin with them D's on the '83 Cadillac
So we gonna smoke a ounce to this
Gz up hoes down while you motherfuckers bounce to this

The latter half of the third verse of Tha Shiznit isn’t just one of my favourite Snoop Dogg verses of all time, it’s one of my favourite rap verses of all time – and this part isn’t even the full thing! In borrowing [stealing] the highlighting technique from ‘Rapping, deconstructed: The best rhymers of all time’, the densely packed plethora of internal rhymes becomes easy to see. Snoop strings sentences together with ease, sometimes making words up, “Drizzay/lizzay/plizzay/Gizzay”; other times avoiding grammatically correct sentence structure, “I’m gon catch you then I peel your cap/Snapped back, relax”; and often just settling for silky smooth rhymes, “the fly human being seein’/No I’m not European bein all I can”.
Snoop not only switches up rhyming technique every few lines, but the pace of his delivery takes on a delightful elasticity, diving into lines at a rapid pace only to instantly put on the brakes and glide back to his well known relaxed flow – listen to the lines from “I’m/Not that lunatic nigga who you thought I was…” to “…Ya better not be slippin with them D’s on the ’83 Cadillac”, and notice how Snoop pushes off certain words as though he’s diving into a metaphorical linguistic pool to increase the speed and ferocity of his delivery.

Lodi Dodi

And said "Um, mirror mirror, on, the wall
Who is the top dog of them all?"
There was a ruffle duffle, five minutes it lasted
The mirror said, "You are, you conceited bastard!"
Well that's true! That's why we never have no beef

In the first storytelling track on the album, Snoop pays honour to the legendary Slick Rick with his own version of ‘La Di Da Di’. Whilst it’s unfair to really claim this song as Snoop’s own original technique or skill, it’s still a testament to the linguistic variety on the album that it has a place. In an album about the day-to-day lifestyle of a gangster only Snoop could include allusions to classical fairy tales and make it sound so effortlessly cool. Not to mention [not quoted here, but a few lines later], in an industry defined by portrayals of hyper-masculinity, there’s something humorous about Snoop describing his morning beauty routine - luxurious descriptions of “Oil of Olay”, manicures, “Johnson’s Baby Powder” and “Cool Water Cologne”. Something most MCs might try to conceal or hide in an effort to preserve their gangster image becomes a point of affluence and pride for Snoop, and it’s in his lucid flow and carefree inflections that the air of confidence is created that allows Snoop to get away with it where others might be derided.

Serial Killa

The cloud becomes black, and the sky becomes blue
Now you in the midst of the Dogg Pound crew
Ain't no clue, on why the fuck we do what we do
Leave you in a state of paranoia, oooh

In terms of rhyming techniques this doesn’t appear as a spectacular excerpt by any means on the page, with a handful of internal rhymes and a rhyming quadruplet being the main techniques of point. In the context of the song, however, Snoop takes over the track with the intro to his verse. Daz and Kurupt do their thing up until this point, but the track just feels lacking – the harsher, darker beat by Dre demands an MC to really take a hold of it and to make it their own. When Snoop comes in is when the track really starts to shine, the simple and evocative imagery of the clouds and the sky reflecting the moody atmosphere of the beat. As I’ve said repeatedly throughout, Snoop’s unique flow and delivery help him to deliver any line, and here in the midst of some fairly basic gangster posturing lyrics he is able to elevate the threat by contrasting it with the casualness of his tone, as though this posturing is second-nature to him.

Who Am I?

It's the bow to the wow, creepin and crawlin
Yiggy yes y'allin, Snoop Doggy Dogg in
The motherfuckin house like everyday
Droppin shit with my nigga Mr Dr. Dre

Once again, this example I’ve handpicked isn’t particularly impressive on the page, but then rap doesn’t exist in a vacuum on the page – it is a performative genre, and there are not many better performances than Snoop Dogg on Doggystyle. Time and again on this album Snoop doesn’t really say anything at all, here for instance, he’s just reiterating that Dre and Snoop are on the track, it’s not exactly revolutionary stuff. But it’s the way that he raps that means in the end his subject matter doesn’t really matter, it’s a delight to listen to whatever it is. Words bounce off each other with such ease that when complimented with Dre’s legendary production the listening experience itself becomes effortless. There’s no need to unpack dense imagery or complex themes, and whilst some might take this to be a criticism, Snoop’s skill on the mic means that this facet becomes a quality in and of itself, and allows the album to be enjoyed in an almost primal sense.

Doggy Dogg World

It's like everywhere I look
And everywhere I go
I'm hearing motherfuckers trying to steal my flow
But it ain't no thang, cause, see, my homie Coolio
Put me up on the game when I stepped through the door

These lines are key in highlighting a recurring theme throughout the album, that of people trying to “steal my flow”. Originality in the rap game is key, and so when people try to imitate or bite an MCs style without proper accreditation this is a massive sign of disrespect. On Doggystyle we have an excellent example of an MC perfecting their “flow”, and in fact when Snoop’s ‘Dogg Pound’ affiliates try to jump on the track with him they generally pale in comparison. The album is back-ended with features, and whilst none are outright bad (in fact, Kurupt starts to come into his own), the album takes a notable dip in quality when Snoop’s not on the mic. Of course, none of these people are stealing from Snoop, but if the MCs viewed as worthy enough to work within his style don’t really hold up, it’s almost painful to imagine what those not deemed worthy sound like.

GZ and Hustlas

Freeze, at ease, now let me drop some more of them keys
It's 19-9-tre so let me just play
It's Snoop Dogg, I'm on the mic, I'm back with Dr. Dre
But this time I'mma hit yo' ass with a touch
To leave motherfuckers in a daze, fucked up

The ending excerpt I’ve chosen to take a look at is, again, not immediately spectacular, it does not jump out at the reader with the feverous quality of Tha Shiznit, for example. What it is, though, is an example of the consistency of Snoop Dogg on Doggystyle, and that’s an ending topic worthy of discussion. It’s rare to find an album where the lead MC outshines everyone else on the album by quite a large distance, but on Doggystyle Snoop came out with a piece of work that cemented his place as one of rap’s great MCs – and this was only his first album. Snoop might not have the emotional reverence of Scarface or the political insight of 2pac, but what he lacks in these elements he more than makes up for in linguistic skill. Even on these closing album verses Snoop is still ramming the track with internal rhymes, rhyming couplets (admittedly a rapper’s bread and butter) and his patented spelling technique, which he once again ties into the rhyming couplet.


There’s an inexhaustible energy on this album and it’s from this energy that the listener can draw so much enjoyment. As I’ve said previously in this piece, language becomes a plaything for Snoop in this album, bending and twisting it to his will to create endlessly exciting combinations. From seeing the cover of this album, the hand drawn cheeky cartoonish image of Snoop leering after a scantily clad woman whilst escaping the police, it’s obvious that this album is going to be a fun ride. What follows is a journey from intro to conclusion that delights and surprises in equal measure, a journey led by a man with the ease, charm and charisma of a seasoned veteran, when in actual fact Doggystyle it is his first major solo outing, and what a journey it is.



[1] The most glaring omission from the list is ‘Murder Was The Case’, not because I don’t think it’s worthy, but rather that there’s so much to say about it I might return to it for it’s own separate article one day.

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